Telemedicine System

Abstract

           Many patients with diseases difficult to diagnose and treat come to hospitals for medical help, and the cost of traveling and accommodation is high for them, especially for those from the poor or remote border areas. As networks become more advanced and increase in speed, various energetic activities have begun to emerge. New networks will cause a major revolution in society, and one area, which is expected to be an effective application of new networks, is telemedicine. In general, Telemedicine can be defined as the delivery of health care and sharing of medical knowledge over a distance using telecommunication means. Telemedicine provides medical information exchange at a distance, to support medical procedure, with the ultimate goal for improving community health care. In these experiments, integrated functions such as the transmission of medical images, collaboration and video conferencing, and provided superb human interfaces for telemedicine.

Software

To implement the mobile telemedicine system, a dedicated software will be developed. The software should be able to perform the functions as follows:

1. acquisition of patient related information

2.store of the patient information

3.display of patient information

 System Design And Technical Implementation

Mobile Telemedicine Unit is created to be expandable and flexible according to the user requirements. Hence, the unit is designed in modular form, The mobile telemedicine unit will be provided with both hardware and software. The minimum hardware contains a PC or laptop, a digital camera, power source, and medical devices. Based on the most needed requirement, the medical devices included are:

Introduction

             Telemedicine system is one of the major forces shaping the future of healthcare. People who overreact to telemedicine’s early difficulties or underestimate its scope will be surprised by its real power.  Telemedicine will ultimately revolutionize healthcare – restructuring virtually every relationship and activity that define late twentieth century medicine. While they are very likely correct in their assertions, telemedicine is still a fledgling industry. Today, a lot of the technical activity in the telemedicine industry consists of vendors integrating suites of components to create turnkey solutions for specific clinical settings .This system allows you to regularly monitor a patient’s vital signs and glucose levels without you having to see them in person.

Output

As described earlier that the objectives of the project is to develop an ICT-based mobile telemedicine system with multi communication links. The project would deliver a working user tested ICT-based mobile telemedicine system that support community health services.

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Linux Process Management

Abstract

In theory, there is no difference in theory and practice, but in practice, there is. Learning the standard operating system concepts breaks the ice for studying a practical operating system implementation. In this seminar we will have a look on Linux process management and scheduler. I will explain the Linux 2.6.8.1 CPU scheduler. Process management is also in context of this scheduler. The various attributes of the process descriptor are used to manage and control the lifetime of a process. We will see in detail how the process descriptor is implemented. We will see the data structures kernel uses for managing all the processes.

Waking Up

The try_to_wake_up() function is responsible for trying to wake up tasks. When a waitqueue is told to wake up, try_to_wake_up() is called on each task in the waitqueue, and then tasks are removed from the waitqueue. The task is marked TASK_RUNNING, and then it is added back to the appropriate runqueue to be scheduled again.

Waitqueues

A waitqueue is essentially a list of tasks waiting for some event or condition to occur. When that event occurs, code controlling that event will tell the waitqueue to wake up all of the tasks in it. It is a centralized place for event notifications to be “posted.” Sleeping tasks are added to waitqueues before going to sleep in order to be woken up when the event they are waiting for occurs.

Sleeping and Waking Tasks

A task or process cannot always be running. If a task needs input from user then it can not move further until and unless the user types the input string in. It may take a few seconds. But in these few seconds number of other processes may complete their execution. So this process is blocked until user enters the input.

Dynamic Priority

The Linux 2.6.8.1 scheduler assigns high dynamic priorities to I/O bound tasks and penalizes  CPU bound tasks. It subtracts –5 to +5 values from the task’s static priority value.The newly calculated priority is called a task’s dynamic priority, and is accessible via the task’s prio variable (e.g. p->prio where p is a task). If a task is interactive (the scheduler’s term for I/O bound), its priority is boosted. If it is a CPU hog, it will get a penalty.

Locking

Only one task may modify a CPU’s runqueue at any given time, and as such any task that wishes to modify a runqueue must obtain its lock first. Obtaining multiple runqueue locks must be done by order of ascending runqueue address in order to avoid deadlocks. A convenient function for obtaining two runqueue locks is double_rq_lock(rq1, rq2), which handles lock ordering itself. Its opposite, double_rq_unlock(rq1,rq2), does the same but unlocks instead of locks.

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SkyBus Technology

About the Technology

The fixed structure at 8 meters height above road level provides the support and guidance for powered bogies which can run at 100 kmph, with the coach shells suspended below, carry passengers in air conditioned comfort, can follow existing road routes, while existing traffic on roads continue. It is aesthetically pleasing and there is no concern of  a claustrophobic feeling for road users. Aesthetic, and eco-friendly, the Sky Bus is protected against derailment, toppling or collision – by design as well as by construction, hence is safer than the existing rail based system. At the cost of Rs. 50 Crore per km. in India, the system is noise – free and pollution – free with a capacity to transport 36000 passengers per hour (pph), scalable to 72,000 pph as required.  

Sky Bus Metro – An Alternative

The Sky Bus technology offered by Konkan Railway Corporation meets the above requirements, and re-defines the thinking and planning for urban transport being an Eco-friendly Mass urban transport system revolutionizing urban life. It is a patented technology developed for the new millennium and will cause a paradigm shift in urban transportation all over the world. Being an indigenous technology, it will place India on the forefront of the Rapid Transit Industry all over the world while providing the much needed alternative transportation solution, which is financially viable, environment friendly, synergizing well proven existing cutting edge technologies.  

Introduction

The most precious asset in growing urban areas is land. After its allocation for residential and commercial purposes hardly 6 % to a maximum of 18 % of land in cities forms road ways. The road ways once laid almost remain constant and indeed may be effectively reduced by uncontrolled encroachments.  

Why Sky Bus Delivers More Than Conventional Railways  – In Terms Of Headways.

The critical factor for deciding the headway is the time taken at the station, the turn around time for the gates to open and close and the time taken at the traverser. A Sky Bus unit comes to a stop 5 m. short of the traverser. The traverser has 6.5 m. traversing distance assumed to move at 1.3 m./sec/sec. The headway can be 30 seconds – and so assuming initially 60 seconds is absolutely practical.  In conventional trains, which are 200 m. long and using the conventional points and crossings, the time taken to reverse at depot to change line means cover double the length of the train plus the additional distances over points and crossings all at an average speed of 20 kmph., therefore will take 90 seconds.

 Conclusion

             Sky Bus system not only redefines the urban mass transport for cities, but also provides for efficient automated container delivery system from point to point, following existing roads and brings down the cost of service while improving quality. 

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MAGLEV TRAINS

Magnetic Levitation

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended above another object with no support other than magnetic field .The electromagnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force. A substance which is diamagnetic repels a magnetic field. All materials have diamagnetic properties, but the effect is very weak, and usually overcome by the object's paramagnetic or ferromagnetic properties, which act in the opposite manner. Any material in which the diamagnetic component is strongest will be repelled by a magnet, though this force is not usually very large.

Maglev Methods

v Repulsion between like poles of permanent magnets or electromagnets.

v Repulsion between a magnet and a metallic conductor induced by relative motion.

v Repulsion between a metallic conductor and an AC electromagnet.

Electrodynamic Suspension (Eds) System

        In the EDS-repulsive system, the superconducting magnets (SCMs), which do the levitating of the vehicle, are at the bottom of the vehicle, but above the track. The track or roadway is either an aluminum guideway or a set of conductive coils. The magnetic field of the superconducting magnets aboard the maglev vehicle induces an eddy current in the guideway. The polarity of the eddy current is same as the polarity of the SCMs onboard the vehicle. Repulsion results, "pushing" the vehicle away and thus up from the track.

Principle Of Linear Motor

        However, this raises a frequently asked question: where is the motor or engine in the maglev system? There is a motor. The motor of a maglev system is the interaction between the electromagnets/superconducting magnets (SCMs) and the guideway; the package of the two, and their interaction is what constitutes the motor. Otherwise, there is no standing motor aboard, as in the case of train locomotive or automobile engine. In a normal conventional motor, there are two principal parts: the stator, which is stationary; and the rotor, which can rotate as a result of action from the stator.

Inductrack

        The Inductrack is a newer type of EDS that uses permanent room-temperature magnets to produce the magnetic fields instead of powered electromagnets or cooled superconducting magnets. Inductrack uses a power source to accelerate the train only until begins to levitate. If the power fails, the train can slow down gradually and stop on its auxiliary wheels.

Conclusion

        It’s no longer science fiction, maglev trains are the new way of transportation in the near future, just some obstacles are in the way, but with some researches nothing is impossible.

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Wireless Charging Of Mobile Phones Using Microwaves

Magnetron

The MAGNETRON (A) is a self-contained microwave oscillator that operates differently from the linear-beam tubes, such as the TWT and the klystron. View (B) is a simplified drawing of the magnetron. CROSSED-ELECTRON and MAGNETIC fields are used in the magnetron to produce the high-power output required in radar and communication equipments. The magnetron is classed as a diode because it has no grid.

Receiver Design

The basic addition to the mobile phone is going to be the rectenna.  A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. Its elements are usually arranged in a mesh pattern, giving it a distinct appearance from most antennae. A simple rectenna can be constructed from a Schottky diode placed between antenna dipoles. The diode rectifies the current induced in the antenna by the microwaves.

Sensor Circuitry

The sensor circuitry is a simple circuit, which detects if the mobile phone receives any message signal. This is required, as the phone has to be charged as long as the user is talking. Thus a simple F to V converter would serve our purpose. In India the operating frequency of the mobile phone operators is generally 900MHz or 1800MHz for the GSM system for mobile communication.

Conclusion

        Thus this paper successfully demonstrates a novel method of using the power of the microwave to charge the mobile phones without the use of wired chargers.

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E ball

Size of E-ball

The E-Ball is a sphere shaped computer concept which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops have ever made. This PC concept features all the traditional elements like mouse, keyboard, large screen display, DVD recorder, etc, all in an innovative manner. E-Ball is designed to be placed on two stands, opens by simultaneously pressing and holding the two buttons located on each side.

Conclusion

As years passes, the computer size is becoming smaller. This ball is known as E-Ball and its design is given by Apostol Tnokovski. He was trying to create the smallest PC in the world when he came across this idea.

Features of E-Ball

It contains wireless optical mouse and laser keyboard, and LCD projector.It has around 350-600GB of Hard Disk Drive.It contains 5GB RAM. It has two 50W speakers. It has LAN and WLAN card and a Web cam.When you want to carry it around you can easily “pack it” into a ball. This is a futuristic concept, and this, I think, is how the future computers will look like.

Introduction

A new concept of pc is coming now that is E-Ball Concept pc. The E-Ball concept pc is a sphere shaped computer which is the smallest design among all the laptops and desktops.

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